نوع مقاله : دستوری-بلاغی
نویسنده
دانشیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و زبانها، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
“Weak Composition” (za'f-e ta'lif) is one of the defects of eloquence in the Persian rhetorical tradition. Its definition, scope, and instances vary across different sources, and its boundaries with other rhetorical and literary terms and concepts often remain unclear. This study critically re-examines the concept of weakness of composition, traces its linguistic origins, and reassesses the examples discussed in contemporary Persian rhetoric sources in light of Persian grammar and linguistics. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical method, drawing its data from well-known contemporary works on Persian rhetoric. The findings indicate that most instances classified as weakness of composition in Persian rhetoric sources pertain to syntax and the rules governing sentence structure, and that not all of them can be categorically regarded as defects of eloquence. Many examples, particularly those found in Persian literary texts and poetry, result from deliberate departures from linguistic norms, metrical and prosodic constraints, stylistic features, historical language change, or differences between grammatical norms and literary usage. Such instances, therefore, cannot be evaluated solely according to prescriptive grammatical standards. Moreover, several commonly cited instances of weakness of composition, including changes in constituent order, the reference of a pronoun to a subsequent antecedent, structural ambiguity, ellipsis, the addition of a thing to itself, spelling errors, and certain contemporary linguistic usages, are heterogeneous in nature. They belong to distinct domains, including syntax, semantics, orthography, stylistics, and language change. On this basis, the study proposes a redefinition of weakness of composition informed by a descriptive approach and the findings of modern linguistics.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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