نوع مقاله : دستوری
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران. ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Persian has a high capacity for word formation, and the two main processes of compounding and derivation provide the lexical resources needed in the language. Among these, some linguistic elements, despite belonging to the class of closed words, display a high degree of productivity and can play an active role in forming various words and combinations. The word “ham” is one such element that has not been assigned a fixed grammatical status in Persian grammars and has been described at different times as a conjunction, an adverb, or a prefix. This diversity in definition and function makes a more precise investigation of it in the field of word formation necessary. This study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach and examines the combinatory capacity of ham in the formation of nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs through the analysis of data extracted from literary texts as well as major Persian dictionaries (Dehkhoda, Mo'in, and Sokhan). The data were collected and categorized in order to identify patterns of combination and to determine the role of this element in the formation of new lexical items. The findings show that ham has the highest degree of combinability with nouns and adjectives, where it plays a prominent role in word formation, while its combination with verbs and adverbs is more limited and fewer examples of such constructions are attested. The analysis also indicates that in most cases ham does not change the grammatical category of the base; however, in certain structures it leads to the conversion of nouns into adjectives, thereby creating new semantic functions. By clarifying the grammatical status of ham, this study presents its productive patterns and suggests that the results can be useful for research on word formation, Persian language teaching, and lexicography.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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