صورت‌بندی مفهوم مرگ در شعر خیام و مولوی

Death is a phenomenon whose shadow of mystery and ambiguity has spread throughout human culture. Its unknown and mysterious nature throughout the history of human thought has led to the emergence of sometimes contradictory thoughts and reflections about it in various intellectual fields, including in Persian poetry and literature. Each of the poets, relying on their intellectual and epistemological bases, has looked at this phenomenon from a different perspective and presented their mental concepts to human society in the form of diverse images and interpretations. For this reason, in this research, the author decided to examine and analyze the images and interpretations of death in the poetry of Khayyam and Rumi in a systematic scientific process. Relying on the descriptive-analytical method, the research tried to show how Khayyam and Rumi were able to use the elements and mechanisms of inducing meanings, the sphere to portray the sphere of their minds in the realm of death and death thoughts, and to present the most mysterious phenomenon and issue of existence to society in a tangible way. In this analytical study and comparison, the author came to the conclusion that death in Khayyam's poetry is depicted as a mysterious phenomenon and sometimes as a natural event, in which the passage of time and the rotation of the wheel play a major role in its emergence. However, in Rumi's poetic images, death is shown in a multidimensional way, so that in his mythological view, death is a mysterious and unknowable phenomenon, and in his legal perspective, it is the decomposition of the material elements of the body. In his religious-mystical perspective, death is the gateway to higher levels of life and a return to the true origin and the transcendence of "soul" and, consequently, "consciousness." Rumi, creatively and psychologically, and by utilizing the elements and mechanisms of inducing meanings and phenomena of nature, has been able to observe the psychological and aesthetic distance between death and the audience of his poems, and with artistic elements and techniques, he has made the phenomenon of death recognizable and explained the subtle forms of death in human life, and, unlike Khayyam, shows that death is not the end point of the life line, but a continuing element t in the heart and text of life that should not be feared.
Introduction
Death in the field of literature, especially in Persian verse texts, has always been considered a living and soulful person according to the mythological heritage of human thought.
This perception can be the result of two factors: language - which is essentially anthropomorphic and myth-making - and the vision of poets who have a primitive and imaginative vision, such as the imagination of primitive people, regarding the causes of the emergence of objects and phenomena of nature. With a brief look at the development of the idea of death in the field of Persian verse literature, it can be said that poets' encounter with death in Persian poetry has been in two forms: Sufi and non-Sufi.
Materials and Methods
The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library-documentary studies.
Research Findings
In Khayyam, reason always seeks to control everything and solidify and freeze life, which is like a flowing and moving river, but faith in Rumi always wants everything fluid and alive to continue to exist. Reason wants everyone to submit to the inevitable (death) and consider it, to some extent, the end of life, but faith invites everyone to life and immortality and considers death to be the beginning of life. In a comparative approach to death in the intellectual system of Khayyam and Rumi, it can be said: Death, in Khayyam's poetry, is a lesson and a cause of spoiling worldly life and is a phenomenon that ends pleasures and luxuries. However, Rumi considers death to be a transformation towards evolution, with which a being loses one state and acquires another. In other words, death in his intellectual axis is the sunset from one state of life and the sunrise in another state of life.
Discussion of Results and conclusion
In Khayyam's view, death is considered a mysterious phenomenon and the dissolution of nature and the material disintegration of the body, and it is a natural thing that the passage of time and the rotation of the wheel play a major role in its emergence. However, Rumi's view of death is multidimensional, so that in his mythological view, death is a mysterious and unknowable phenomenon, and in his legal perspective, it is the disintegration of the material elements of the body, and in his religious and mystical view, death is the gateway to higher levels of life and a return to the true origin.