Literary Alteration of the Words of Poetry and its Rhetoric

Document Type : Rhetoric

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Farhangian University

10.22091/jls.2025.12483.1679

Abstract

In this article, we have examined the issue of literary alteration in poetry using a descriptive-analytical method. Literary alteration is any change or transformation in the Words, texture and structure of a poem that is made unintentionally or intentionally by the writer during the oral transmission or composition of a poem. Given the frequency and prevalence of this issue, and the fact that it has not been addressed independently in any scientific source related to literary studies, the importance and necessity of conducting this research is clear. The research question is to explain the nature, definition, characteristics, and types of literary alteration, its effect on the abundance of manuscripts, and its presence in rhetorical books. In the introduction to the article, we introduce the topic of the article by citing examples and discussing the difficulty of naming this topic. We have noted that in this article, by alteration we mean its neutral meaning, that is to make. In the following, we will discuss the background of research and study of this phenomenon from the perspective of rhetorical sciences. Then, we have examined the impact of this phenomenon on the number of copies of poets' divans by presenting and analyzing examples from Hafez's divan and we have continued to examine and analyze the presence of this phenomenon in books related to rhetorical sciences by citing numerous examples. The results of the research show that literary alteration is divided into two main types: oral and written, and these two types are also divided into poetic and non-poetic, intentional and unintentional types. In poetic alteration, sometimes the result of the work turns out to be more beautiful, more appropriate, and more effective than the original poem of the poet. Written literary alteration is often of an unpoetic nature. This type of alteration in the duplicitous version is often seen as conscious and unpoetic. In books on rhetorical sciences, this phenomenon is often seen in a non-poetic form. As a general conclusion, it should be said that literary alteration is often unpoetic and damages the beauty, proportion, eloquence, and rhetoric of poems.

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References

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Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
Volume 14, Issue 26
March 2025
Pages 169-184

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