Syntax and its Connection with Thought in the Words of Sheikh Abulhasan Kharqani

Document Type : Grammar

Author

Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Zabol University. zabol. Iran

10.22091/jls.2025.12672.1686

Abstract

Despite being an illiterate, Kharghani is one of the prominent mystics of the 4th and 5th centuries of Hijri, whose words are particularly fresh and new. Although, due to the strangeness of unfamiliar words, scribes and writers of biography have allowed changes and manipulations in his words, but his words have characteristics both in terms of words and of meaning that distinguish his language from the language of others. Therefore, in this research, which was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method, in order to achieve the stylistic features of his speech, the syntax and its connection with the content of his speech based on layered stylistics in terms of connection and sentence length, verb form and grammatical voice, have been investigated and studied. The style of his sentences is both discrete and continuous and in very few cases connected and complicated. His sentences are short and appropriate to express emotional and intuitive experiences. In cases where he talks about his situation and expresses his emotions in the moments of discovery and intuition, the mood of the verb is indicative. In such a situation, the speaker is dominated by his subconscious mind and strong inner emotions, and the commanding voice of his words is often reflexive. In cases where he deals with moral and mystical advice, the object of the verb is obligatory (command, prohibition, obligation) and his words are influenced by his conscious mind and because of the orientation of the words towards the audience, they have a persuasive and encouraging aspect. When Kharghani explains and describes a mystical and moral point, his speech is in the referential mood. According to Roman Jakobson's theory of linguistic communication, in this case too the verb mood is in the adverbial mood and the dominant grammatical voice in such speech is the passive voice.

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Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
Volume 14, Issue 26
March 2025
Pages 187-202

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