Auxiliary Verbs, the Inchoative Aspect in the Persian Language

Document Type : Grammar

Authors

1 Ph.D. student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

10.22091/jls.2023.9615.1517

Abstract

The inchoative aspect is made with the help of auxiliary verbs, which, in addition to showing the beginning of the action, also indicates its necessity. The inchoative auxiliary verbs such as the verbs “to start, to begin, to stand, to take, etc.”, which are the inchoative aspect of the sentence, are not used in the Persian language today but played a prominent role in the past periods of the Persian language. In the scope of inchoative auxiliary verbs, we are faced with a group of verbs that reach the main verb in the sentence with the help of creating continuous images from the secondary verb origin to create an inchoative aspect, and with this movement scheme, they show the process of the beginning of an action or verb. In the present research, an attempt has been made to extract and introduce the auxiliary verbs that indicate the inchoative aspect in the Persian language. Therefore, this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, has investigated the inchoative auxiliary verbs in the historical period of the 4th to the 12th century of the Persian language among Persian prose books. The obtained results showed that the verbs “to take, to pick up, to rise, and to open” are considered to be among the verbs that create the inchoative aspect. In the meantime, the verbs “to rise” and “to pick up” still retain their original role as an inchoative auxiliary verb, but the rest of the verbs have undergone deauxiliation and lost their use. In addition, other verbs in today’s colloquial Persian have been added to this range, such as “to pull” and “to take” which go through their auxiliation process in the construction of the inchoative aspect.

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References

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Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
Volume 13, Issue 23
December 2023
Pages 44-63

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