Creative word formation in Persian language in comparison with the English language

Word formation processes mean word formation methods in a language. Some researchers consider blending, acronyms and clipping as creative processes of word-making. While the meaning of creativity in this research is to make a creative link between two concepts to form a new words and as a result, the meaning of the word not transparency according to its morphemes. This review, based on the entries of a dictionary chief editor by Hasan Anvari shows that creative word- formation is used extensively in Persian language with different constructions such as derivation, Compounding and metaphorical expansion. Also the derivation in Persian is not completely matched with the definitions found in morphological theories whereas mostly based on the English language data. On the other hand, the number of derivational fixes that have the ability to create creative words, such as “ak” in Golle + ak (summit+suffix=piggy bank), or “i” in kashk+i (curd+ suffix= absurd).is different compared to some other languages. Also there are many different constructions of creative compounds in Persian language. Metaphorical extension in connection with what is referred to as semantic expansion in semantics is another type of word formation that is not limited to the use of words from one field in another field, for example, the use of words from the field of horse-riding to the field of driving and has a wider range in the Persian language. Therefore, creative word-making in various forms, figurative-derivative such as rood + e (river+suffix) means intestine, metonymy-derivative such as rooz+e (day+suffix=fasting), also combinations are divided into five categories, such as simile like sang+del (stone + heart= hard-hearted), metaphorical like āb+zir+kāh (water+under+straw=cunning), metonymical like namak+nashnās (salt+ignorant=ungrateful) and ironic like kāhane-kharāb (house+ destroyed= poor) and creative adjective like nāzok-del (thin+heart=touchy). Metaphorical extension like ānten (informer) is also used. With the variety of creative word-formation in Persian language, it deserves more attention in creating new words and considering the lack of simple verbs in Persian language, it has productivity to a large extent.