Rhetorical techniques of Simile in Resalat- ol-toyour

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor Department of Persian language and literature, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran

2 PhD student of Persian language and literature, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran

10.22091/jls.2022.7717.1351

Abstract

Resalat–ol-Toyour, written by Najm-od-din Razi (573-654 H.Q.) has a mystical, allegorical prose and is among the technical prose and metaphorical texts in sixth century. To render the events tangible and to report them from the best perspective, the author uses literary techniques such as simile and undermines them with mystical and allegorical content of his stories. The similes intensify the beauty of the text and the pleasure of the audience. The technique is skillfully extended all through the text. Most of his similes/imageries include extended, detailed, allusive and descriptive ones. He benefited from best types of imageries to express his ideas innovatively. He has made use of Qura’nic Ayyahs, the stories of the prophets, allusion, making abstract concepts tangible through terms of astronomy, war, court and geography. Embellishing this type of expression with other techniques such as symmetry, conflict, exaggeration, allusions, mental imagery, and metaphor, he has managed to improve language and imagination.

Keywords

References

  •  Holy Qoran.
  •  Ahmad Nezhad, K. (1993). Fonoon-e Adabi. Tehran: Paya.
  • ‘Alavi Moghaddam, M & R, Ashraf Zadeh. (2000). Ma’ani Va Bayan. Tehran: Samt.
  • Ardalan Javan, ‘A. (1997). Tajalli-ye Sha’erane-ye Asatir va revayat-e Tarikhi va Mazhabi dar Ash’ar-e Khaghani. Mashhad: Astan-e Ghods-e Razavi.
  • Bahar, M.T. (1997). Sabk Shenasi; Tarikh-e Tatavvor-e Nasr-e Farsi. 2 Vol. 9th Edition. Tehran: Badihe.
  • Dad, S. (1992). Farhang-e Estelahat-e Adabi. Tehran: Morvarid.
  • Daei Javad, M.R. (1956). ‘Elm-e Badie’ dar Zaban-e Farsi. Esfahan: Ketabforooshi-ye Esfahan.
  • Fotoohi, M. (2006). Balaghat-e Tasvir. Tehran: Sokhan.
  • Gholamrezaei, M. (2010). Sabkshenasi-ye Nasrhaye Sofiyane az Avayel-e Qarn-e Panjom ta Qarn-e Hashtom. Tehran: Entesharat-e Daneshgahe Shahid Beheshti.
  • Hawkes, T. (1998). Este’are. Tarjomeye Farzaneh Taheri. Tehran: Markaz.
  • Homayi, J. (1994). Ma’ani va Bayan. Be Koshesh-e Mahdokht Homayi. Tehran: Homa.
  • Jafarzadeh, M & Z. Sheikh Hoseini. (2022). Vojooh-e Tashaboh va Tamayoz-e Parand-e Namehaye Ibn Sina, Ghazzali va Najm-e Razi Bar Asas-e Nazariye-ye Cambel. Hekmat-e Sinavi. Pp. 265-289.
  • Jorjani. ‘A. (1995). Asrar-ol-Balaghah. Tarjomeye Jalil Tajlil. Tehran: Daneshgah-e Tehran.
  • Kardgar, Y. (2008). Fanne Badie’ dar Zaban-e Farsi; Barresi-ye Tarikhi- Tahlili-ye Sanaye’-e Badi’ei az Aghaz Ta Emrooz. Tehran: Farasokhan.
  • Kazzazi, M.J. (1993). ZibayiShenasi-ye Sokhan-e Parsi, Bayan. Tehran: Markaz.
  • Khalili Jahan Tigh, M. (2001). Sib-e Bagh-e Jan. Tehran: Sokhan.
  • Khalili Rajaei, M. (2013). Ma’alem-ol Balaghah; dar ‘Elm-e Ma’ani, Bayan va Badie’. Shiraz: Daneshgah-e Shiraz.
  • Khatib Qazvini, J. (2022). Al-Izah Fi ‘Oloom-ol Balaghah. Sharh va Ta’lighe ‘Abdol Mon’em khafaji. Beyroot: Manshorat-e darol ketab-e Lobnani.
  • Khatibi, H. (1987). Fanne Nasr dar Adab-e Parsi. Tehran: Zovvar.
  • Mahdavifar, S. (2011). Yek Sakht-e Tashbihi-ye Noyafte Bar Paye-ye Sabk-e Tasvirafarini-ye Ghasayed-e Khaghani. Faslname-ye Sabk Shenasi-ye Nazm va Nasr-e Farsi. Sale 5. No 1. Pp. 91-112.
  • Mirsadeghi, J. (2000). ‘Anasor-e Dastan. Tehran: Sokhan.
  • Mo’in, M. (2007). Farhang-e Mo’in. Tehran: Zarrin.
  • Mohabbati, M. (2001). Badi’e Now, Honar-e Sakht va Arayesh-e Sokhan. Tehran: Sokhan.
  • Mosaffa, A. (2008). Barresi-ye Nasr-e Soofiyan-e az Sadeye Panjom ta Qarn-e Hashtom. Faslnameye ‘Erfan-e Eslami. Sale 5. No 18. Pp. 131-154.
  • Mosaheb, Gh. (1966). Dayerat-ol Ma’aref-e Farsi. Vol 1. Tehran: Amirkabir.
  • Mozaffari, ‘A.R. (2008). Vasl-e Khorshid (Sharh-e Shast Ghazal az Hafez Shirazi). Tehran: Aydin.
  • Naderi, E. (1991). Tarikh-e Tahlili-e Panj Hezar Sal Adabiyyat-e Dastani-ye Iran. Bakhsh-e 1. Tehran: Gostarde.
  • Nafeli, M & H, Aghahoseini. (2017). Tasvirhaye Tashbihi-ye Feshorde va Vizhegi-ye Barjaste-ye Sabki-ye Motoon-e Mansor ‘Erfani. Faslname-ye Sabk Shenasi-ye Nazm va Nasr Farsi. Sale 10. No 1. Pp. 290-305.
  • Najm Razi. (1983). Rotbat-ol-Hayat-e Hamedani va Resalat-ol-Toyoor-e Razi. Tashih-e Mohammad Amin Riyahi. Tehran: Toos.
  • Najm Razi. (2010). Mersad-ol-‘Ebad. Be Ehtemam-e Mohammad Amin Riyahi. 14th Edition. Tehran: ‘Elmi-Farhangi.
  • Neshat, M. (1961). Adat-e Tashbih dar Zaban-e Farsi Ya Tashbih be E’tebar-e Adat. Tehran: Ketabkhaneye Majles-e Showraye Eslami.
  • Poornamdariyan, T. (1995). Safar dar Meh. Tehran: Zemestan.
  • Poornamdariyan, T. (1878). Negahi be Tasvir Afarini dar Marzban Name. Congere-ye tahghighat-e Irani. year 8. Pp. 84-127.
  • Poornamdariyan, T. (1988). Ramz va dastanhaye Ramzi dar Adab-e Farsi. Tehran: ‘Elmi va Farhangi.
  • Sa’adat, E. (2005). Daneshname-ye Zaban va Adab-e Farsi. Vol 1. Tehran: Farhangestan-e Zaban va Adab-e Farsi.
  • Sadeghiyan, M.’A. (1992). Taraz-e Sokhan. Yazd: Reyhanat-ol Rasool.
  • Sakaki, A. (1662). Meftah-ol ‘Oloom. Qom: ketabkhane-ye Oroomiyye.
  • Shamisa, S. (1992). Bayan. Tehran: Ferdows.
  • Shamisa, S. (1998). Sabk Shenasi-e Nasr. 2th Edition. Tehran: Mitra.
  • Shamisa, S. (2004). Sabk Shenasi. Tehran: Mitra.
  • Taftazani, S. (2003). Mokhtasar-ol- Ma’ani. Tehran: dar-ol-fekr.
  • Taftazani, S. (1993). Mofassal Sharh-e Motavval (‘Elm-e Bayan). Tarjomeye Abo Mo’in Hamid-od-din Hojjat Hashemi Khorasani. 2 Vol. Qom: Setare.
  • Vahidiyan Kamyar, T. (2004). Badie’ Az Didgah-e Zibayishenasi. Tehran: Samt.
  • wellek, R. (1999). Tarikh-e Naghd-e Jadid. Tarjomeye Sa’id Arbab Shirvani. Tehran: ‘Elmi.
Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
Volume 12, Issue 21
September 2022
Pages 9-43

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics