Comparison of the Use of Verb in Love and Qalandari Lyrics of Sanayi

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran

2 MA in Persian Language and Literature, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran

10.22091/jls.2021.6196.1279

Abstract

Verb is the most important element of a sentence. The way verbs are used in a work shows the author's concern to create layers of meaning and effective communication with the audience as well as psychological functions. Can a verb be divided into extroverted, introverted, and neutral the same as characters are? The findings of this descriptive-analytical article give a positive answer. Examining Sanayi's sonnets, it suggests that because Sanayi, in love sonnets, deals with erotic and earthly loves of the Ghaznavid period, he has an extroverted tendency and uses action, movement and extroverted verbs. However, Sanayi in his Qalandari lyric poems which express the mystical concepts and meanings with lyrical words, romantic and norm-breaking, shows meaning, freshness of the mood, the depth of his spiritual experience, and the multilayered nature of speech, by using introverted verbs. In this section, introverted verbs show concepts such as revelation, intuition, inner knowledge, and attention to inner and spiritual conditions. The difference in the way verbs are used in his sonnets shows that there was a logical relationship between Sanayi 's changing life/action and his renewing ideas. The high frequency of the use of the imperative and indicative verbs (to be, to know...) in Qalandariat, confirms the didactic aspect of literature.

Keywords

References

Ahmadi, K. & S.’A.M. Sajjadi & Sh. Ojagh’alizade. (2015). "Seir-e Ma’ani Towhid az  Sanayi ta ‘Araghi". Hamayesh-e Beinolmelali-ye Sharghshenasi, Tarikh va Adabiyat-e Parsi. Armanestan: Daneshgah-e Iravan. Pp: 1235-1251.
Bashiri, M. & T. Khajegiri. (2011). " Barresi-ye 3 Ghazal-e Sanayi bar Paye-ye Naghd-e Formalisti ba Ta’kid bar Araye Gramon  va Jakobson". Pazhooheshname-ye Adabiyat-e Ta’limi. Vol. 3. No. 9. Pp. 73-79.
Darabi, J. (2009). Nazariyehaye Ravanshenasi-ye Shakhsiyat; Roykard-e Moghayese’i. First Edition. Tehran: Ayizh.
Elhami, F. (2013). "Barresi-ye Zavayaye Tarik va Rowshan-e ‘Asre Sanayi". Majmoo’e Maghalat-e Hashtomin Gerdehamayi-ye Sarasari-ye Anjoman-e Tarvij-e Zaban va Adab-e Farsi-ye Iran. Zanjan. Daneshgah-e Zanjan. Pp: 1211-1230.
Ettehadi, H. (2014). "Barresi-ye Moghayese’i-ye Mosighi-ye Birooni va Kenari-ye Ghazalhaye Sanayi va khaghani". Majmoo’e Maghalat-e Dahomin Gerdehamayi-ye Sarasari-ye Anjoman-e Tarvij-e Zaban va Adab-e Farsi-ye Iran. Ardabil. Daneshgah-e Mohaghghegh-e Ardabili. Pp: 1346-1361.
Farzi, S. & S.M Zarghani. (2009). "Tahlil-e Enghelab-e Rowhi-ye Sanayi bar Asas-e Nazariye-ye Jack Lacan". Jostarhaye Adabi. No. 166. Pp. 143-161.
Foroozanfar, B. (1990). Sokhan va Sokhanvaran. 4th Edition. Tehran: Kharazmi.
Hasan Pooralashti, H. & ‘A.A. Khalili & M. Kazemi. (2016). "Tahlil-e Shenakhti-ye Fanaye Nafs dar Ghazaliyat-e Sanayi bar Asas-e Tarhvare-ye Harakati". Adabiyat-e ‘Erfani va Ostooreshenakhti. No. 45. Pp. 53-59
Noorian, M. & E. Toghyani & S. Hatami. (2005). "Jame’eshenasi-ye Mozoo’i Asar-e Sanayi", Kavoshname. Vol. 6. Pp. 63-92.  
Radmanesh, ‘A. (2009). "Radif va Tanavvo’ va Tafannon an dar Ghazal-haye Sanayi". Kavoshname-ye Zaban va Adabiyat-e Farsi. Vol. 10.  No. 18. Pp. 97 - 115.
Ranjbar, M. (2015). "Barresi-ye Barkhi az Vazhehaye Sanayi". Hamayesh-e Beinolmelali-ye Jostarhaye Adabi-ye Zaban va Ertebatat-e Farhangi. Vol. 1. No. 1. Pp. 218-237.
Rastipoor, M. (2012). "Barresi-ye Enteghadi-ye Ghazalhaye Sanayi". Ketab-e Mah-e Adabiyat. No. 69. Pp. 12-25.
Sadeghi, ‘A.R. & M. Mahdavi Damghani. (2020). Tahlil-e Shakhsiyat-e Sa’di bar Asas-e Tiphaye Shakhsiyati (Daroongerayi _ Boroongerayi). ‘Oloom-e Adabi. No. 17. Pp. 119-145.
Sadeghinezhad, R. (2011). "Radif dar Ghazal-e Sanayi va Khaghani". Pazhoohesh-haye Naghd Adabi va Sabkshenasi. No. 30. Pp. 63-82.
Safa, Z. (2011). Tarikh-e Adabiyat dar Iran. Vol. 1. 28th Edition. Tehran: Ghoghnoos.
Sajjadi Rad, K. & S. Sajjadi Rad. (2009). "Ba Jung va Sanayi, Ta’vil-e Ghazali az Sanayi bar Mabnay-e Ravanshenasi-ye Tahlili-ye Jung". Adabiyat Farsi. Vol. 15. No. 202. Pp. 170-179.
------------------. (2010). "Barresi-ye Neghab va Saye-ye Jung dar Ghazaliyat-e Sanayi". ‘Erfaniyat dar Adab-e Farsi. Vol. 2. No. 5. Pp. 80-97.
Sanayi, M. (2007). Ghazalhaye Hakim Sanayi-ye Ghaznavi. Be Koshesh-e Yadollah Jalali Pendari. first Edition. Tehran: ‘Elmi va Farhangi.
------------------. (1986). Gozide-ye Sanayi-ye Ghaznavi. Be Koshesh-e Ziaoddin Sajjadi. 2th Edition. Tehran: Zavvar.
Sazevari, M.R. (2015). "Andishehaye Rendi va Malamati dar Ghazaliyat va Ghasayed-e Sanayi". Conferenc-e Jahani-ye Ofoghhaye Novin dar ‘oloome Enasani, Ayandepazhoohi va Tavanmandsazi. Vol. 1. Pp. 183-201.
Schultz, D.P. &  E.Sh Sidney. (2015). Nazariyehaye Shakhsiyat. Tarjome-ye Yahya Seyyed Mohammadi. 33th Edition. Tehran: Virayesh.
Shafi’i Kadkani, M.R. (2000). Taziyanehaye Solook . Tehran: Agah.
Shamisa, S. (1996). Ma’ani. 4th Edition. Tehran: Mitra.
Taheri, Gh. (2008). "Esalat-e Tajrobe dar Ghazalhaye Sanayi ". Pazhooheshhaye Adabi. Sale. 6. No. 22. Pp. 108-137.
Toghyani, E. (2007). Sharh-e Moshkelat-e Hadighe-ye Sanayi. 3th Edition. Isfahan: Daneshgah-e Isfahan.
Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics