A New Look at a Kind of Special and General Adjective in Persian Language

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MA in Persian Language and Literature, University of ‘Allame Tabatabaei, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of ‘Allame Tabatabaei, Tehran, Iran

10.22091/jls.2021.6154.1273

Abstract

Exploring Persian grammar books, we find that most of categorizations of adjectives are repetitive and similar to each other. Focusing on semantics, the present article, offers a new classification according to the assignment or non-assignment (generality) of the adjective to the nouns. Therefore, the adjectives are divided into two specific and general categories; specific adjectives are divided into two special categories (type 1 and special type 2) based on their belonging to a specific semantic domain, or just a to specific adjective. General adjectives are divided into three general categories: less active (based on the scope of belonging to words), semi-active general, and active general. To obtain a set of traits, three novels: Symphony of the Dead by ‘Abbas Maroufi, Suvashun by Simin Daneshvar and Her Eyes by Bozorg Alavi were selected to extract the traits. After extracting the traits, the adjectives are classified into the general and the specific. These two categories are, in turn, were divided according to the expressive adjectives (simple (absolute), active, objective, relative, merit). Finally, it was determined which of the expressive adjectives is more close to each of the new divisions. Accordingly, the active adjectives are more close to the active and possessive adjectives, and the passive adjectives are associated with the active and unauthorized adjectives; Relative attributes, especially when they convey the concept of gender, are specific to the semantic domain of inanimate objects. The attributes of gesture, ambiguity, number, etc. are common and are considered as general attributes.

Keywords

References

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