Character death in the new novel "Shazdeh Ihtejab (the prince)" of Golshiri
Maryam
Afrafar
دانشگاه بیرجند
author
Ebrahim
Mohammadi
Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Birjand University
author
text
article
2019
per
New novel which has been began in France with works by "Sarraute" and "Robbe Grillet" a few decades later, entered Iran with the novel "Shazdeh Ihtejab (the prince) as a kind of novel. Golshiri was able to handle this genre by creative use of new novel elements; so that his work is not merely an imitation and did not derive feature from the new novel. Although new novel has no significant presence today, the remaining elements of it are evident in novels; therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to this type and its elements. Considering the importance of Shazdeh Ihtejab as the beginning of the new Persian novel and its impact on the evolution of Iranian novel writing; this research examines one of the elements of the novel "Character death" or "Character rejection" which is more prominent in "Shazdeh Ihtejab. Therefore in this study we first describe the feature of the new novel then provide a summary of the novel and then we examine the character death in this novel and show that the character death is not being devoid of human being, but rather it is an appearance mixed with memory, blended and shadowy which reader contributes in making that with his imagination and literary taste. Golshiri makes the new novel elements and character rejection in best way without departing from Iranian identity and in this case, has no less than western novels.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
9
40
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1313_b36eb9427ddc9abb2d63b3ca2e8db4cd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.2649.1125
A study of the reflection of romantic and lyric components and characteristics in "Faraj Ba'd Az Sheddat" (comfort after suffering) stories
mahtab
otari
universiti of gulan
author
mohamad ali
khazaneh dar loo
university of gulan
author
text
article
2019
per
Faraj Ba'd Az Sheddat is one of the most valuable works of sixth century which includes ethical and religious issues such as: patience for adversities, trusting in god in resolving problems, self-sacrifice, humanitarian, and hope in achieving aspirations with trusting in god. As it comes from the title of the book it promise convenience and relief for people who find themselves in midst of adversity and hardship. In fact, the author, using the noble verse of "indeed hardship is followed by ease" teaches the way to get rid of hardships in form of religious and historical anecdotes and stories. Faraj Ba'd Az Sheddat, in addition to having ethical and educational themes, it also has literary and artistic aspects to influence the reader's mind more. One of the artistic literary aspects of the book is the author's use of romantic and lyric features in the stories which can be found in some of the anecdotes and narratives in the book. Extending the elements of romanticism to books like this book which belongs to preceding periods is not leniency and cannot be analyzed according to western romanticism which appears in eighteen century; but romantic features such as: freely expressing of human emotions and sentiments, artistic descriptions, heroism, individualism, love, love making in its predominant sense, means love feature which call lyric in Persian literature can be studied and adopted in Faraj Ba'd Az Sheddat.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
41
69
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1315_91be634273ee5658adfbb65741f2dbcc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.2759.1131
Chubak's naturalism in "last Light" (A review of the short stories "Wooden Horse" and "Atma, My Dog" from the perspective of the School of Neutralism)
mehri
talkhabi
zanjan
author
mostafa
mohammadi
Islamic Azad University of Yadgar Imam Khomeini Shahreary
author
text
article
2019
per
Sadegh Chubak, one of the first generation writers after the Constitutional Revolution as the most prominent Iranian writer in presenting works in the school of naturalism and flagship of this school has been able to achieve a special place in the literature of Iran. The pessimistic and black look on the events and happenings of Iranian society have been derived from components such as environmental determinism, economy and inheritance were the main elements and structure of the works of Chubak in the creation of his books. In this research, an attempt has been made, with a specific view, to highlight the effect that Chubak adopted from the school of naturalism, and analyze the effects of this school in two leading stories in "last lamp" collection, called "wooden horse" and "Atma, my dog". In this way, firstly, the relationship between the school of naturalism and the characteristics of chubak's work has been studied, then the specific principles of naturalist works in the work have been analyzed. We try to answer these mental conflicts how much the criteria and principles of the school that established by Emil Zola as the leader of the school of naturalism were reflected in this story, and has Chubak managed to create a naturalistic work in this category? This research tries by the descriptive-analytic method to show the extend of naturalism effect upon these two Chubak works.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
71
95
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1312_c77a11bacf2976a9ec641c2f80e3a680.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.2433.1118
Classification of Persian inflectional morphemes using 4-M model
Abdolhossein
Heydari
Assistant professor in Farhangian
author
text
article
2019
per
This paper attempted to classify Persian inflectional morphemes, using 4-M (4-morpheme) model. It is a base production model. In this model According to their access in speech production morphemes divided into one content morpheme and three systematic morphemes. Considering Persian language behavior and evidences and according to the 4-m model, negative, causative, imperative and passive morphemes of verb plus plural forms of noun, comparative and superlative suffixes of adjective and adverb ̕ s comparative morpheme belongs to systematic morphemes because these structures add conceptual information to their core (verb, noun, adjective and adverb) and indirectly selected by the core. But structures which show properties like person/number, tense, aspect, subjunctive mood of verb get into outer, late, systematic morphemes required by the grammatical frame of the language and they are co-indexed with other constituents in the sentence. Morpheme classification in 4-M has been done according to their being activated in different speech production levels. This classification can be used in explaining different linguistic area (such as the order of morphemes in language acquiring or learning).
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
97
120
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1325_63c5d8522f7037589a311c6cd5051555.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.3560.1155
An Examination of Several Studies on emendation of the Khaqani's Divan according to his stylish criteria
akbar
heidarian
um.ac.ir
author
maryam
salehinia
um.ac.ir
author
text
article
2019
per
Despite several existing emendation from it, Khaghani Sharvani's Divan requires a lot of researches in the light of purgation. Therefore many Khaghani researches sought to analyze and study the recording of Khaghani's divan. The authors of this research attempt to examine the efforts of some Khaghani researchers who have provided opinions about the emendation and distortion of the Khaghani's divan. Accordingly, among the essays published in journals and various literary conferences and also books which in the midst of their discussion devoted a section to distortion a number of randomly selected sample were chosen. The results show that sometimes oversighting Khaghani's personal style according to his imagery criteria, not counting whole texts and lack of attention to lateral texts, led Khaghani researchers to misrepresent the original text by their research in the eyes of readers.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
121
142
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1316_ce1203d16e86f7f077e01d5be924e743.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.3234.1144
Linguistic and literary values of Sequential adjectives in the Tarikh Wassaf (Vol. 4)
hojjat
kajani hesari
Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of humanities sciences, university of Farhangian Shahid Mofatteh, tehran: rey, iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Sequential adjectives, is bringing Continuous adjectives with a particular order for a noun. The usege of sequential adjectives in artifact prose is a common practice, and the authors of these texts use it for reasons such as explicit or prolixity, creating music, fantasizing the text, and inducing new concepts. The vast use of this literary art in Tarikh Wassaf, has made it a lightweight style. The value of Sequential adjectives in the Tarikh Wassaf is to build a composition and original adjective that the author with his creation by the richness of the lexical-linguistic content of the text and the extent of music and imagination. The purpose of this research is to show the generosity of the word in composite Sequential adjectives, the methods of making adjectives, the rhetorical values of this figure of speech, and the effects on the text and the reader. The research method is library and descriptive-analytic study. The results of the research indicate that the construction of adjectives used in Sequential adjectives phrases in Tarikh Wassaf is more than a combination of two simple words (noun / adjective / root)+ noun, and Wassaful Hazarah made many words with this structure. Most of the sequential adjectives of this book are objective and are written in the description of humans and domesticated animals or is about eulogy which are connected in most cases with e, and most of the Literary techniques created in them, such as symmetry, alliteration, Words of the same weight, simile and symbol.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
143
166
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1318_dd21c86fe2185c89f53fbd66fc3df095.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.3436.1149
The Feminine Apolitical Voice in ‘I turn Off the Lights’
saeed
karimi qare baba
Assistant professor in Persian language and literature
author
text
article
2019
per
This essay is based on the initial assumption that element and sign of dialogue are reflected in the novel "I turn off the lights". The author has organized the novel in opposition to the woman narrator of story with the political issue. It seems that narrator considers politics equal by masculinity. Claris the mother of the family and the main character of the story, tries to keep the family's spiritual environment away from the husband's politics. Although she is educated and avid reader he thinks politics has nothing to do with their life. She knows politics as a masculine issue and a threatening factor in the comfort and tranquility of home. The narrator in the struggle with a political voice retire a forbidden love; but in the end, she recognize her realistic position by suppressing and passing on the love that is a sort of rebellion against the powerful and masculine political voice. She inevitably copes with her husband's political voice, but with a spiritual change she revisits her identity, individuality and personal life. According to the results of this descriptive-analytic research, women writers in Iran often challenged politicization for feminist reasons and motives. But this depoliticizing also has major textual and contextual reasons. From contextual factors can be mentioned gradual development of Iranian society and growth of the individuality of female writers and among the textual and literary history factors it can be counted boredom and exhaustion of readers with the slogan and stereotype.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
167
191
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1314_11552c9ca7b6065cd58a203334cc09e3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.2735.1129
A comparison of Elements in Performing Naqqali (Iranian Dramatic Storytelling) and Ta’zieh (Shi’ites Passion play/ Condolence Theater)
Samaneh
Kiani Bidgoli
Persian Literature Student, M. A. Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Department Of Persian Literature, Qom University,Qom,Iran
author
Aqdas
Fatehi
qom
author
text
article
2019
per
Naqqali of Shah-nameh (Persian: “Book of Kings”, celebrated work of the epic poet Ferdowsi) and Ta’zieh Khani (which signifies Ta’zieh Drama/ A Ta’zieh production) are considered to be as indigenous arts of Iran which have been widely popular ever since the ancient times. These two kinds of art bring the main elements of a play to the stage all at once and render an artistic and musical report of the historical, religious and heroic battles. The present study is conducted in a descriptive-comparative manner, evaluating the arts of Naqqali & Ta’zieh in terms of performing elements. The two aforementioned arts have similarities such as the dual division of voices, i.e. 1. The various voices of Naqqal (reciter/storyteller) through the drama and 2. division of the actors of Ta'zieh into protagonists & antagonists, generating a unified thematic current regarding the clash of Right & Wrong and Good & Evil, and also scripting the scenes in manuscripts & scrolls. On the other hand, the number of actors, their appearance, wearing special outfits, and Incidental music are considered to be the differences of the two arts. Findings of the study also indicates that Ta’zieh is derived from Naqqali.Ta’zieh Drama, however, has grown in popularity through the flow of religion in its essence, and its final outcome has been improving steadily, and has got a more magnificent display regarding the performing elements compared to Naqqali.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
193
229
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1319_255602023cd6d08f16de0e8d029fc3fe.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.3438.1150
Study and Analysis of the Religious Issues and Concepts of the Poetry Books for Children and Adolescents among 2011-2014
Mehdi
Mohammadi
عضوهیات علمی دانشگاه قم
author
Eman
Motaharinia
Knowledge and Information Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
In recent years, religious subjects have received much attention in the field of children and adolescent's literature, and poets and writers also have shown great interest in writing story and composing poetry about the religious themes. Children and adolescent's literature especially in the form of poetry, which for its song, rhyme and short duration is more impressive than the story, can be considered as an attractive and low-cost media for every society’s culture. The content and the concept of the poetry used for children are so important since it can play a significant role in the children education and upbringing, so each adult person as a father, mother, teacher, and etc. should pay attention to the content and everything else which can poems convey to the children and adolescents. So for the importance of this issue, this study aims to study children and adolescent's’ poetry books among 2011-2014 to find out to what extent poets use variety of religious issues and concepts and also to investigate the quality of the poetry concepts. The results of the present study show that in some religious concepts, a few poems have been written by the poets and also some of the content of the poems has not been able to provide religious concepts well. Therefor the results of this study can pave the way for the poets to write poetry in these cases.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
231
258
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1324_697d28e28afa60e5e0bf23530418b6a9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.3707.1161
Nezami's artistic Imagery of the Components of the Khosrow and Shirin versified Poem
hamzeh
mohammadi
Teacher of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University of Shahrekord
author
esmaeil
sadeghi
Faculty Member of Persian Language and Literature Department, Shahrekord University
author
fariba
moeini
PhD student of Persian language and literature, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord
author
text
article
2019
per
Nezzami's poetry language that is one of prominent Azarbaijani style, is quite objective and ironic and the artistic use of imagination is very evident. Although the story of Khosrow and Shirin in the sixth century is a well-known and familiar story to general and special, Nezami's art is apparent in the manner of expression, including description and image of beauties and scenes of nature. Among nezami's work About Khosrow and Shirin should say Addressing a lyric issue, such aristocratic and royal love, also Nezami's interest and his unique patience in the describing personalities such as Khosrow and Shirin and events surrounding them are the reasons that caused Khosrow and Shirin have special place in Persian literature and even in the Nezami's works has a rhetorical and literary position. The aim of this research is studying the image of lovers as well as appearance of nature and expressing Nezami's performance in imagery and fantasy of Persian lyric poem - Khosrow and Shirin -.The features of Nezami's images in Khosrow and Shirin include diversity and avoiding repetition, use of aristocratic elements, precision and elegance in image making, widespread use of colors, creativity, and initiatives.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
259
281
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1317_9ba271b929ffa14f21e9025934b34d8d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.3382.1147
The mystical ironic manifestation in the first book of Mathnavi Manavi
jalil
moshayedi
Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Arak University
author
AHMAD
heidari goojani
Ph.D. student of Arak University of Languages and Literature
author
text
article
2019
per
Irony is one of the factors of the inadequacy and complexity of the text which in the Persian language is equivalent to satire and punishment, create balance and cohesion for the purpose of discipline and remembrance and it is necessary for any work of art. Muwlawi in mathnawi which is a didactic-mystical work in the form of wise stories, intend to educate and inform therefore irony has a widespread reflection on this allegoric work and it is possible to compare Muwlawi with Shakespeare in western literature. in this research, we study dramatic instance of irony in relation to ironic making elements including innocence unknowingly trust, laughter, contradiction of appearance with reality and demonstrative distance element to mystical issues such as endeavor, trust, patience, contentment and poverty. The ironic elements in Mathnawi include foolishness, ignorance of the truth and something seemingly truth instead of truth, fanaticism, duplicity, secularism, innocence, boastful and exorbitant based on claim, greed, flaw, and personal weakness on the soul and morality that cause human affliction. Muwlawi's narrative-allegoric expression in mathnawi making plat for dramatic irony with mild humor which has sign of naivety and insidious and puts the story on the border of humor and seriousness. The motif of ironic stories, apparently includes humor humiliating and vulnerability of story character, but in the spirit of the word, its mystical outcomes are understandable. Non-humorous works such as Rumi's spiritual Mathnavi and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh have dramatic irony because of the unexpected nature of story events. Considering the content of the text and its accurate studying is the best way to detect irony.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
283
314
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1321_8f1d39f745d08576f79f000d8d27dea8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.3599.1158
Hafiz's impact upon Shafiei Kadkani's mind and language
yaghub
noruzi
faculty of persian language and literature, islamic azad university, maku branch, maku, iran
author
seif addin
abbarin
faculty of persian language and literature, islamic azad university, urmia branch, urmia , iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Tradition is the basis of firm structure of poetry and every poet is influenced by literary tradition and poems of his predecessors. This impact is low in the poetry of some poets and in the poem of others is high. Shafiei is a poet who tradition and ancestors poems and their manifestation in his poetry are stronger than most of contemporary poets. Because of his attachment to Old Persian literature heritage he was influenced by former poets. Meanwhile Hafiz plays prominent role in Shafiei's mind and language. Shafiei is infatuated of Hafiz and his interest in Hafiz has had a profound impact on his poem. This effect is sometimes shown in inserting other's verses in own poem, hemistich, semi-hemistich and sometimes repeating poetic vocabulary. Alongside this, the major Hafiz's thought which is anti-hypocrisy and critique of hypocritical religious, Shafiei uses some of the words related to Hafiz's thoughts including: Rend, Mohtaseb, Shehneh, Asas and so on utilized it with adapting with his social-political thinking as Hafiz in form of positive and negative personalities. Some of Hafiz's verses also serve as an inspiration for composing poems and making themes in Shafiei's poem. In addition, we can see the influence of Hafiz, in the dimension of image making. Studying and adapting the poetic language, themes and poetic images of two poets reveals this influence and present study examines this effect by mentioning eamples and using a descriptive-analytic method. Studying Shafiei's poem in this regard leads us to conclude that Hafiz is one of the most influential traditional poets Shafiei kadkani's thought and language.
Rhetoric and Grammar Studies
University of Qom
2783-2619
9
v.
15
no.
2019
315
345
https://jls.qom.ac.ir/article_1320_f9e08ccd215f3e592803c189479e5c21.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22091/jls.2019.3487.1153