mohammad paknahad
Abstract
Sentence combining has always been a challenging issue in grammar. There is disagreement over the classification of word and sentence structure. In grammar books, while studying sentence structure, different views have been expressed about combined sentences. Dividing combined sentences into "compound/coordinated" ...
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Sentence combining has always been a challenging issue in grammar. There is disagreement over the classification of word and sentence structure. In grammar books, while studying sentence structure, different views have been expressed about combined sentences. Dividing combined sentences into "compound/coordinated" and “dependent/complex” sentences has created ambiguity. Some grammarians restrict combined sentences to dependent/complex sentences and exclude other sentences. This article reviews the definitions and discussions of combined sentences and criticizes these views and analyzes the grammatical structure of compound/coordinated and dependent/complex sentences in Rumi’s Masnavi. Meanwhile, it adds new types of compound/coordinated sentences to previous classifications. This case study has adopted descriptive-analytical research method involving the six volumes of Masnavi. Data were collected through library studies. In addition to identification and description of combined sentences, this study explored the semantic and logical relations in such sentences which is a significant step toward understanding cohesion in Masnavi. Thus, the research elaborates on the structure of sentences in Masnavi and contributes to linguistics. It offers a detailed picture of sentences in Masnavi and presents a significant report of their linguistic features. Attempt has been made to offer novel points about the subject and to repeat various parts until a logical conclusion is obtained.
sara saeedi; mohammad ahmadi
Abstract
Rashid al-Din Muhammad Umar-i Vatvāt is one of panegyrist poets in 12th-century, who had special skills in using artistic devices in composing poetry and this was a way for him to illustrate his talent in this regard. Unfortunately his poetry has never had popularity among contemporary scholars and ...
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Rashid al-Din Muhammad Umar-i Vatvāt is one of panegyrist poets in 12th-century, who had special skills in using artistic devices in composing poetry and this was a way for him to illustrate his talent in this regard. Unfortunately his poetry has never had popularity among contemporary scholars and they had only paid attention to his book about rhetoric known as Hadaegh –al Sehr, on the contrary to the litterateurs in past who were fond of his poetry and paid a lot of attention to his poems and his biography in various anthologies. In this essay we have analyzed the pros and cons of Rashid’s poetry and have tried to answer why contemporary scholars haven’t had interest in his poetry from different angles. Rashid’s innovations in poetry have also been analyzed in his essay and his position among poets and in the history of Persian poetry has been determined criticism, Rashid al-Din Muhammad Umar-i Vatvāt, rhetoric
mahmoud mehravaran; mehdi ghasemi
Abstract
Polyphony is one of the main secret of Hafiz's poem beauty.At the first glance , ghazaliats seems to be mystical poems but they are social ones.The social ghazals are combined with humour ،Soliloquy and his society problem.In the middle of mentioned combination,Hafiz's audible sound ...
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Polyphony is one of the main secret of Hafiz's poem beauty.At the first glance , ghazaliats seems to be mystical poems but they are social ones.The social ghazals are combined with humour ،Soliloquy and his society problem.In the middle of mentioned combination,Hafiz's audible sound can be heard while he criticize his society smartly ,thereby calling humanities in the uproar of false- sage and wrongdoer .The research studies Hafiz in terms of four viewes :the criticism of government, religious organization,the current behavior and the personal traits. The result shows Hafiz is a sharp _sighted critic.His criticism is internal that accused humans more than society for causing social defect.Thus,Hafiz's criticism pays attention to humans and behavior which are symbols of his society.He belives that human is founder society.For the same reason, a society ,whether closed or open, is make by people who live in.
Abbas Hasan Pour; alireza ghasemi; ebrahim fallah
Abstract
In the contemporary era, Nima Yushij having a deep understanding of literary, social, and political conditions of Iranian society opened a new way for Persian poetry and thereafter, many other poets took steps to keep this new method dynamic. Mohammd Zohari, the poet of the shortest Persian schema, is ...
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In the contemporary era, Nima Yushij having a deep understanding of literary, social, and political conditions of Iranian society opened a new way for Persian poetry and thereafter, many other poets took steps to keep this new method dynamic. Mohammd Zohari, the poet of the shortest Persian schema, is one of the students of Nimaii style. He is eminent due to his continuous presence in the fields of three decades of contemporary poetry and publication of different collections using his special style and poetic independence, therefore in the analysis of movements in she’r-e now (blank verse) and the comprehensive investigation of its evolution it is inevitable to take his works into consideration. The present study seeks to elaborate on literary activities by Zohari and his status in contemporary poetic movements, and also to analyze the morphology of his works, particularly from content point of view and to determine the overriding intellectual perspective in each of his works. Some other issues which are investigated in this research study include minimalistic approach of Zohari and his gradual movement in poetic tactics such as keeping distance from archaic style in language form and instruments and recovering from the dominance of prosodic segments in order to reach a soft and lyrical language.
