shahrzad bahmani
Abstract
An important strategy in rhetoric for linguistic legitimacy in discourse analysis,critical metaphor identifies the goals and ideologies that create the meaning in language. The stories of the mythological part of Shahnameh, from Kiomars to Kaykhosrow, which fall in the ideological context of the discourse, ...
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An important strategy in rhetoric for linguistic legitimacy in discourse analysis,critical metaphor identifies the goals and ideologies that create the meaning in language. The stories of the mythological part of Shahnameh, from Kiomars to Kaykhosrow, which fall in the ideological context of the discourse, are included in this type of analysis in order to extract the infrastructure of linguistic meanings from them. The aim of the present study is to explain how Ferdowsi used language to produce the infrastructure and reproduce the power- relations which create discourse, and what linguistic strategy he uses through which discourse is constructed. To achieve this goal, this research, which is analytical-descriptive based on library resources, uses the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis based on Norman Fairclough's approach. The results of the research suggest that Ferdowsi through the use of characterization that forms his metaphors has been able to construct the discursive infrastructures and discourse-creating power-relations in both institutional and social processes. The metaphors used by Ferdowsi are integrated into a classification scheme that reflects his intellectual position and class perspective in defense of the structures of society and the values underlying them. What helps to understand the metaphors of the text are important assumptions about the formal features that link the metaphors to the social values and power relations of the hidden text. Identifying critical metaphors such as Farrah (grandure), cow, Fereydoun and Kaykhosrow, Zahak and Afrasiab helps to discover meanings beyond the linguistic level and increases critical awareness of the role of language in maintaining and changing the social relations of discourse.
reza ashrafzade; zahra safari jendabe
Abstract
Ernest Kretschmer was a German psychiatrist who classified people with regard to their body features such as shoulder width, thinness or fatness into 3 main types named pyknic (stocky, fat), asthenic (thin, small, weak), and athletic (muscular, large–boned). Later on, William Sheldon who was an ...
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Ernest Kretschmer was a German psychiatrist who classified people with regard to their body features such as shoulder width, thinness or fatness into 3 main types named pyknic (stocky, fat), asthenic (thin, small, weak), and athletic (muscular, large–boned). Later on, William Sheldon who was an American psychologist and numismatist developed a new version of somatotypology by classifying people into endomorphic, mesomorphic, and ectomorphic types, based on statistical methods and the growth of embryonic layers. The main characters in Shahnameh being over 57 ones can be put into this sort of classification. The major part of this study deals with the descriptive analysis of the main characters in Shahnameh in terms of the above-mentioned typology. In another words, the characters of Shahnameh are introduced as the Iranian models for the theories of personality developed by Kretschmer and Sheldon. It seems that the above theories are not confined to the 20th century, but rather they have been relevant and practical even many centuries ago. The results of this study showed that in Shahnameh, Firdowsi believes in correlation between the temperament and physiology type of his characters such that there is a meaningful compatibility between their behavior and apparent look.
Masoumeh maaref vand; mohammad fouladi
Abstract
The Shanameh written by Ferdowsi is a long epic poem in Persian classic literature that has many tragic stories, among which we can mention the murder of Siyavash (Soug-e Siyavash) as an old narrative with a tragic theme. This study aims to explore the story of the murder of Siyavash based on the theory ...
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The Shanameh written by Ferdowsi is a long epic poem in Persian classic literature that has many tragic stories, among which we can mention the murder of Siyavash (Soug-e Siyavash) as an old narrative with a tragic theme. This study aims to explore the story of the murder of Siyavash based on the theory of “Mythos Tragedy” by the Canadian critic, Northrop Frye. According to the theory which asserts some general principles on the anatomy of tragedy, “The Murder of Siyash” involves some components such as “incompatibility between love and social structure”, “predetermined destiny” as well as 6 phases that all make it as one of the most beautiful tragedies in the world. In his theory, Frye does not refer to an antihero, but rather he attributes the tragedy to the predetermined course of events, destiny, and the will of Gods that turn the friendship to animosity. In the story of Siyavash, the dominance of fate and inspired destiny leads to unintended and accidental hostility between Afrasiyab and his daughter and son-in-law ending to an inadvertent fight. Another component of tragedy is “inevitability of the final catastrophe” that is depicted in the best way in the “Murder of Siyavash”. The ultimate peace and tranquility at the end of the story as well as its fatalist ideology lead to a sort of metaphysical relief that is required in the ending of a tragic work.
Monir Asgar Nezhad; Mohammad Ali Gozashti
Abstract
Feeling is a common language of human beings and literature and arts are the language for expressing of this sensation. Literature is the language of speech and writing and the arts show the reflection of the literature as images. Nature is the best and the most informative image for poets and artists. ...
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Feeling is a common language of human beings and literature and arts are the language for expressing of this sensation. Literature is the language of speech and writing and the arts show the reflection of the literature as images. Nature is the best and the most informative image for poets and artists. The natural elements have been inspiring the poets especially in Khorasani style and in the works of Ferdowsi, Rudaki, Manuchehri and Nezami. Literature and painting have an undeniable link and we see this link between the Khorasani style and the Harat style of miniature in its highest form. It may be said that the literary aesthetics of art, not only begins with the Khorasani style, but this style seems to be at its highest level. Writings, architectures, paintings, coffee houses paintings and … are the evolved examples that prove the hypothesis that the Khorasani style is the mother of Persian pictoraial literature.
Abstract
Irony is one of the important branches of expression and creation in the Word is ofthe most beautiful tricks. This article aims to analyze the functions of irony In the introduction of Shahnameh. For this section, the ironic, rhetorical than other techniques, the most frequency Dard.knayh extracted, ...
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Irony is one of the important branches of expression and creation in the Word is ofthe most beautiful tricks. This article aims to analyze the functions of irony In the introduction of Shahnameh. For this section, the ironic, rhetorical than other techniques, the most frequency Dard.knayh extracted, respectively, of the current Knayە, irony of adjectives and have the highest frequency, the current innuendo and secure manner.Many used allusion to the text, and a few are used in contemporary Persian, Shahnameh-have for. Although Drklam irony in everyday language, not artistic value, in the text of Shahnameh to be at the center of Companion alongside other imagery, are an added sense of poetry and fantasy.Ferdowsi's Shahnameh at the beginning of allusions to express religious beliefs, moral, social themes Vmdh, benefit.Ironic because of the ambiguity of art, brevity and exaggeration that is, leading to the word, in the introduction Shahnameh which will help stabilize the speech and its influence upon the minds of the audience is also some irony, metaphor consideration of the text in question review.
Leila Hashemian; Majid ramezankhani
Abstract
Shahnameh is undoubtedly one of the greatest and most influential epic works in the world. While being epic in nature, it also includes lyric, historical and love tales. The most interesting tale of Shahnameh, which is tinged with a love theme, is the tale of “Zal and Rudabeh”. Through a ...
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Shahnameh is undoubtedly one of the greatest and most influential epic works in the world. While being epic in nature, it also includes lyric, historical and love tales. The most interesting tale of Shahnameh, which is tinged with a love theme, is the tale of “Zal and Rudabeh”. Through a morphological approach, the present paper seeks to give an account of this tale and analyze its fictional elements such as characters, settings, contrasts, oppositions, narrative structure, and plot. Finally, the methodology developed here will be briefly compared with Vladimir Propp’s morphological methodology.
Abdolah Hasazadeh; Hasan Akbaei; Fatemah Zamani
Abstract
Intertextual criticism concerns the analysis and review of the literature and with respect to the properties of postmodern novels, the intertextual analysis seems to be necessary. Post modern novels have some properties including stream of consciousness, back to past and its criticism, presence of the ...
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Intertextual criticism concerns the analysis and review of the literature and with respect to the properties of postmodern novels, the intertextual analysis seems to be necessary. Post modern novels have some properties including stream of consciousness, back to past and its criticism, presence of the historical characters and previous literary texts, creating questions and engaging the reader with the text, emphasizing the infinity of the meaning and indeterminacy. Components of the post modern novels are clear in the literary works of Abbas Maroofi, famous contemporary novelist, including Farhad’s body, symphony of the dead, Fereydoon had three sons. This study, based on the theories of intertextuality specially dialogism to analyze of the "Fereydoon had three sons," novel. this study shows that the author demonstrate by myth, mankind's eternal struggle to seize power. As well as he achieved through the implications of the new semantic, Carnival-ism and polyphonic in novel reinterpretation and a different reading of the story Fereydoun kingdom.
Mahmoud Beshiri; Ali Cheraghi
Mohammad Bagher Ansari
