Shirzad Tayefi; Haniyeh Hajitabar
Abstract
Tehran, city without a sky, novel can be considered one of the most important socio-political novels which can be studied in different approaches. One of the approaches is Bakhtin's polyphonic theory which discusses the indicators of dialogue and polyphony in a literary work. Mikhail Bakhtin is one of ...
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Tehran, city without a sky, novel can be considered one of the most important socio-political novels which can be studied in different approaches. One of the approaches is Bakhtin's polyphonic theory which discusses the indicators of dialogue and polyphony in a literary work. Mikhail Bakhtin is one of the greatest critics and theorists of Russia who expresses dialogic reading in the genre of the novel in the dialogical principle. In present research, while introducing the novel of "Tehran, the city without a sky" and expressing the fundamentals of Bakhtin's theory, we have considered the compatibility level of this theory with the novel and have examined cases in the novel in terms of qualitative analysis which as a result "Tehran, the city without a sky"has been introduced as a Polyphony novel. The research's achievements depict that while the author's voice blends with the voices of characters, but the existence of other components such as stylization, controversy, parody, voice of words, and compound dialogue make the novel a part of the polyphony novels.
Shirzad Tayefi; Mohammad Hossein Ramezani Fookulaee
Abstract
Contrary to the French school of comparative literature that assumes only texts having certain conditions can be compared, in the American approach it is possible to compare literary texts with other forms of art such as cinema so this possibility can contribute to a better understanding of literature. ...
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Contrary to the French school of comparative literature that assumes only texts having certain conditions can be compared, in the American approach it is possible to compare literary texts with other forms of art such as cinema so this possibility can contribute to a better understanding of literature. Since novels and films have a lot of shared characteristics, they are similar in many aspects and are in fact regarded as two comparable genres. This commonality can pave the ground for reviewing films from the perspective of modern theories on literary criticism so that concepts and jargons commonly used as a means to discuss novels, can also be applied for the critical analysis of films’ structures and themes. On the other hand, we witness a tendency to “postmodernism” in the current critical discussions about novels in our country such that many novelists today show great interest to postmodernist style in writing. Reviewing some of the most important theories on postmodern literature, this study aims to extract 19 techniques used in postmodern novels and then to explore their application in the film “Being a Star” through qualitative analysis. The results of the study showed commonality between literature and cinema (as a visual text) as many techniques used in postmodern novels are also applied in the above film with high frequency.
